{"id":3679,"date":"2019-06-05T11:13:25","date_gmt":"2019-06-05T11:13:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baseca-28691.angelo-osl.servebolt.cloud\/?p=3679"},"modified":"2026-03-15T14:31:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T14:31:08","slug":"coal-rush-to-spitsbergen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/basecampexplorer.com\/nb\/coal-rush-to-spitsbergen\/","title":{"rendered":"Kullrush til Spitsbergen"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hvis gullrushet til Alaska var et stort skritt mot det ukjente, var utforskningen av Spitsbergens gruvedriftsmuligheter et enda st\u00f8rre skritt. Denne lille \u00f8ygruppen l\u00e5 mye lenger nord enn Alaska, \u00f8de i den ytterste enden av golfstr\u00f8mmen, og var ingenmannsland - en spennende mulighet for mange eventyrere. Fra slutten av 1900-tallet reiste flere selskaper til Spitsbergen for \u00e5 finne skattene som l\u00e5 gjemt langt mot nord.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hvalfangere og jegere p\u00e5 Spitsbergen hadde alltid hentet kull til lokalt bruk, men det var f\u00f8rst i 1899 at den industrielle gruvedriften kom i gang. Det var nordmannen S\u00f8ren Zachariassen som var den f\u00f8rste til \u00e5 etablere et gruveselskap p\u00e5 Spitsbergen. Han gjorde krav p\u00e5 flere steder rundt Isfjorden og eksporterte det f\u00f8rste kullet til fastlandet, og dermed startet det virkelige kullrushet p\u00e5 Spitsbergen.
En rekke nyetablerte selskaper okkuperte raskt store omr\u00e5der p\u00e5 Svalbard. Noen ganger betalte selskapene bare litt penger til fangstmenn, som uansett var der i jakt\u00f8yemed, for \u00e5 holde \u00f8ye med eiendommen deres. I andre tilfeller ble det lagt ned mye arbeid og investeringer i pr\u00f8vedrift - noen ganger for tidlig. Det finnes flere triste historier om selskaper som har g\u00e5tt konkurs etter \u00e5 ha v\u00e6rt for optimistiske med hensyn til gruvedriftsmulighetene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det f\u00f8rste kommersielt levedyktige gruveselskapet ble etablert av John Munroe Longyear. For \u00e5 utforske verden seilte Longyear til Spitsbergen sammen med familien sin p\u00e5 et luksuscruise i 1901. Det skulle egentlig bare v\u00e6re en feriereise, men Longyear fattet interesse for Spitsbergens vidstrakte landskap og karrige natur. Han samlet inn noen kullpr\u00f8ver, og da pr\u00f8vene viste seg \u00e5 v\u00e6re sv\u00e6rt gode, ble selskapet Ayer & Longyear etablert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

John Munroe Longyear var tilbake i Adventdalen i juni 1905, bare fire \u00e5r etter sitt f\u00f8rste bes\u00f8k. De hadde lastet skipet med gruveutstyr og ansatt 25 gruvearbeidere som skulle seile med dem opp til Spitsbergen. I 1906 ble The Arctic Coal Company etablert, og Longyears eventyr kunne starte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den f\u00f8rste gruven, kalt American Mine, ble etablert ved hjelp av 25 gruvearbeidere som ble hentet fra fastlandet. Den lille gruvebyen vokste raskt. Det ble bygget hus, vannforsyningen ble sikret, og det ble bygget en taubane fra gruven ned til havnen, noe som gjorde gruvearbeidernes arbeid mye lettere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Longyear \u00f8nsket \u00e5 oppkalle gruvebyen etter seg selv, og dermed ble Longyear City etablert i 1906. Longyear City vokste raskt i l\u00f8pet av de neste \u00e5rene. I l\u00f8pet av 10 \u00e5r hadde Longyears dr\u00f8m vokst fra en liten landsby med 25 gruvearbeidere til en by med 300 innbyggere. I 1916 besto Longyer City av 25 bygninger, fordelt p\u00e5 boligkvarter, samfunnshus, hestestaller og lagerbygninger. Longyear hadde bygget havner, kraftstasjon, jernbaner og en radiostasjon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Kullindustrien i Arktis viste seg \u00e5 v\u00e6re en god forretning. I perioden 1907-1915 ble det fraktet 173 000 tonn kull fra Longyear City og ut til fastlandet.

Etter flere streiker i gruvene bestemte Longyear seg for \u00e5 selge gruven til Store Norske Spitsbergen Kullkompani AS i 1916. Store Norske kj\u00f8pte den velutstyrte gruvebyen og endret navnet slik at det passet bedre til det norske spr\u00e5ket. Longyearbyen ble grunnlagt under norsk kommando, og en ny \u00e6ra kunne begynne.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hvis gullrushet til Alaska var et stort skritt mot det ukjente, var utforskningen av Spitsbergens gruvedriftsmuligheter et enda st\u00f8rre skritt. Denne lille \u00f8ygruppen, som l\u00e5 mye lenger nord enn Alaska, \u00f8de langt inn i golfstr\u00f8mmen, var ingenmannsland - en spennende mulighet for mange eventyrere. Fra slutten av 1900-tallet [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3680,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stories-svalbard"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCoal rush to Spitsbergen - Basecamp Explorer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/basecampexplorer.com\/nb\/coal-rush-to-spitsbergen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nb_NO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Coal rush to Spitsbergen - Basecamp Explorer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If the gold rush to Alaska was a big step to the unknown, exploring Spitsbergen\u2019s mining opportunities was a step even further. Laying much further in the north than Alaska, deserted into the far end of the golf stream, this small archipelago was no man\u2019s land \u2013 exiting opportunity for many adventurers. 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